Immediately from the south is Lake Mariout, which served as a Nile water reservoir and a way of life characterized by prosperity and beauty, the abundance of fresh water, the beauty of nature and the abundance of food from plants , animals and birds.
Alexandria was known in the time of the Pharaohs as a recumbent Raqed, meaning the building gap Rhakots according to the Greek pronunciation.
This name was mentioned on one of the archaeological paintings dating back to the era of Ptolemy I, ruler of Egypt, and it indicates both literary, historical, and archaeological sources to the civilization of its pre-era.
Alexander and Ptolemies It can be said that the nucleus of the city of Raqouda was each of the regions as symbols, and the present heap of culture, and was surrounded by cities full of urbanism and attractive civilization such as Canopus in the east on the branch of the Canopic Nile, then Socrates Nacratis at a distance of about 70 km to the southeast of Raquda has Erosion since the seventh century BC (ie, before the arrival of Alexander the Great about four centuries) a forum to meet both the Egyptian and Greek civilizations.
To the west, there was the city of Maria with a long history, overlooking Lake Mariout, followed by the city of Abusir to the west. And with the coming of Alexander the Great in the wake of the Persians invading Egypt, he penetrated in the Delta a ramp in the branches of the Nile to go to the Temple of God Amun in the Siwa Oasis to inform him about the future of the days, and on the way he passed through Nqratis where his Greek citizens, until he reached Raqouda, and where a decision was taken to do the immortalization of his works in the East, which he established A city in the place similar to the Greek cities, and it was planned with the help of its engineer, Detocrator, who planned a new city that includes the old city of Radkouda, which has become alive with the new city, and is located to the southwest of it. He also established a bridge that connects between the land and the island of Pharos in the sea.
The Hebatastarium Bridge is relative to its length (7 stadiums), and the establishment of this bridge has led to the establishment of two huge ports (enriched the history of the Egyptian civilization since the date of its establishment, namely the large magns portus, which is the current eastern port and was the main port in the city during this era due to the presence of royal monuments in it, as well as For palaces, the islands on which the palaces are located, then Al-Fanar and the rest of the landmarks of the Royal Quarter, the important markets of Alexandria and the other port, which is the current western one and was next to the first wings and was known as the port of Al-Oud al-Hamid.
The city was covered by a network of long and wide streets, and the locations of public buildings were identified. He has on these streets, especially the temples of the gods, and after Alexander left Egypt and during the reigns of his successors, and Al-Imran became slow in the city, and to Ptolemy I Soter I rule (305-285 BC) he reigned over Egypt where he transferred the capital from ancient Memphis to Alexandria and added to it Political status in addition to its exceptional geographical nature, and it can be said that based on all of the historical sources, and what was revealed by it on the land of the city,
it can be said that Alexandria witnessed its golden age during the era of the first three Ptolemies, and it can be said that during the era of Ptolemy I the royal palace was built and started In creating the fences, and so on A network of water tanks and the museum and library were established, and one of his most brilliant works was established, which is the religion of Serapis,
which is that the god of both the Greeks and the Egyptians is one God but that each of the two peoples sees him according to the nature of his mentality in the perception of the god and the image that he used to this god as well as he established a temple for this God is in Raqouda and placed statues of him with Greek and Egyptian images,
as he began to create the lighthouse on top of the Pharos rock.